Betel nut
Scientific names: Areca catechu
Family: Arecaceae/Palmae
Alternate names: Arec, Aréca, Areca Nut, Areca Palm, Arecanut Palm, Arecoline, Arecoline Hydrobromide, Aréquier, Betel Nut, Betel Quid, Betelnut Palm, Bing Lang, Chique de Bétel, Gubak, Gutka, Noix de Bétel, Nuez de Areca, Nuez de Betel, Palmier d'Arec, Palmier à Bétel, Palmier à Canne Jaune, Palmier Doré, Pinag, Pinang Palm, Pinlag, Poogiphalam, Puga, Supari, Tantusara
Actions: Antimicrobial effect, Cardiovascular effects, Gastrointestinal effects, Hormonal effects, Immunologic effects, Inflammatory effects, Mutagenic effects, Neurotransmitter effects
Background
Betel nut is the nut that comes from a plant called Areca. It is sometimes used to make medicine. Betel nut is chewed alone or in the form of quids, a mixture of tobacco, powdered or sliced betel nut, and other ingredients.
Betel nut is used for schizophrenia, a group of eye disorders that can lead to vision loss (glaucoma), poor digestion, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using betel nut might also be unsafe.
Some people use betel nut as a recreational drug because it speeds up the central nervous system (CNS).
Betel nut is used for schizophrenia, a group of eye disorders that can lead to vision loss (glaucoma), poor digestion, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Using betel nut might also be unsafe.
Some people use betel nut as a recreational drug because it speeds up the central nervous system (CNS).
Safety Safety definitions
When taken by mouth: There isn't enough reliable information to know if betel nut is safe to take in small doses or for a short time. But betel nut is LIKELY UNSAFE when taken long-term or in high doses. Using betel nut has been associated with many difference cancers. Other chemicals in betel nut are poisonous. Eating 8-30 grams of betel nut can cause death.
Chewing betel nut can make your mouth, lips, and stool turn red. It can cause stimulant effects similar to caffeine and tobacco use. It can also cause more severe effects including vomiting, diarrhea, gum problems, increased saliva, kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, chest pain, abnormal heart beat, low blood pressure, shortness of breath and rapid breathing, heart attack, coma, and death.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Taking betel nut by mouth is LIKELY UNSAFE. Betel nut can affect the central nervous system and this might endanger a pregnancy. Chemicals in betel nut might pass into breast milk and harm a nursing infant. Stay on the safe side and avoid using betel nut if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
Asthma: Betel nut might make asthma worse.
Slow heart rate (bradycardia): Betel nut might slow down the heart beat. This could be a problem in people who already have a slow heart rate.
Heart disease: People with heart disease might have an increased risk of having a heart attack if they use betel nut. If you have heart disease, do not use betel nut.
Gastrointestinal tract blockage: Betel nut might cause "congestion" in the intestines. This might cause problems in people who have a blockage in their intestines.
Stomach ulcers: Betel nut might increase secretions in the stomach and intestines. There is concern that this could worsen ulcers.
Lung conditions: Betel nut might increase fluid secretions in the lung. There is concern that this could worsen lung conditions, such as asthma or emphysema.
Seizures: There is concern that betel nut might increase the risk of seizures.
Urinary tract obstruction: Betel nut might increase secretions in the urinary tract. There is concern that this could worsen urinary obstruction.
Chewing betel nut can make your mouth, lips, and stool turn red. It can cause stimulant effects similar to caffeine and tobacco use. It can also cause more severe effects including vomiting, diarrhea, gum problems, increased saliva, kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, chest pain, abnormal heart beat, low blood pressure, shortness of breath and rapid breathing, heart attack, coma, and death.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
It's LIKELY UNSAFE for anyone to take betel nut by mouth for more than a short time. But betel nut is especially dangerous for people with the following conditions:Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Taking betel nut by mouth is LIKELY UNSAFE. Betel nut can affect the central nervous system and this might endanger a pregnancy. Chemicals in betel nut might pass into breast milk and harm a nursing infant. Stay on the safe side and avoid using betel nut if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.
Asthma: Betel nut might make asthma worse.
Slow heart rate (bradycardia): Betel nut might slow down the heart beat. This could be a problem in people who already have a slow heart rate.
Heart disease: People with heart disease might have an increased risk of having a heart attack if they use betel nut. If you have heart disease, do not use betel nut.
Gastrointestinal tract blockage: Betel nut might cause "congestion" in the intestines. This might cause problems in people who have a blockage in their intestines.
Stomach ulcers: Betel nut might increase secretions in the stomach and intestines. There is concern that this could worsen ulcers.
Lung conditions: Betel nut might increase fluid secretions in the lung. There is concern that this could worsen lung conditions, such as asthma or emphysema.
Seizures: There is concern that betel nut might increase the risk of seizures.
Urinary tract obstruction: Betel nut might increase secretions in the urinary tract. There is concern that this could worsen urinary obstruction.
Effectiveness
NatMed Pro rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
Insufficient evidence Effectiveness definitions
- Schizophrenia. Early research suggests that chewing betel nut might reduce symptoms in some people with schizophrenia. But using betel nut for a long time can be unsafe.
- Stroke. Early research suggests that taking a solution containing betel nut extract might improve speech, strength, and bladder function in people who have had a stroke.
- Glaucoma.
- Aiding in digestion.
- Other conditions.
Dosing & administration
The appropriate dose of betel nut depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for betel nut. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin, others)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
There is some concern that betel nut might cause mouth sores in people being treated with doxorubicin for cancer. Until more is known, avoid betel nut if you are being treated with doxorubicin.
Drying medications (Anticholinergic drugs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Betel nut contains chemicals that can affect the brain and heart. Some drying medications can also affect the brain and heart. But betel nut works differently than drying medications. Betel nut might decrease the effects of drying medications.
Some of these drying medications include atropine, scopolamine, and some medications used for allergies (antihistamines), and for depression (antidepressants).
Medications for depression (MAOIs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Betel nut might increase the amount of a chemical in the brain. This chemical is called serotonin. Some medications used for depression also increase serotonin. Taking betel nut with these medications used for depression might cause there to be too much serotonin. This could cause serious side effects including heart problems, shivering, and anxiety.
Some of these medications used for depression include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and others.
Various medications used for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions (Cholinergic drugs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Betel nut contains a chemical that affects the body. This chemical is similar to some medications used for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions. Taking betel nut with these medications might increase the chance of side effects.
Some of these medications used for glaucoma, Alzheimer disease, and other conditions include pilocarpine (Pilocar and others), donepezil (Aricept), tacrine (Cognex), and others.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
Herbs and supplements with serotonergic properties: Betel nut might increase a brain chemical called serotonin. Taking betel nut along with other herbs and supplements that increase serotonin might lead to too much serotonin and cause side effects including heart problems, shivering and anxiety. Other herbs and supplements that increase serotonin levels include 5-HTP, Hawaiian baby woodrose, L-tryptophan, S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), and St. John's wort.
Thiamine: Chewing betel nut can decrease the amount of thiamine in the body.
Thiamine: Chewing betel nut can decrease the amount of thiamine in the body.
Interactions with foods
There are no known interactions with foods.
Action
Betel nut seems to affect certain chemicals in the brain and other parts of the central nervous system.
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This monograph was last reviewed on 12/09/2024 10:00:00 and last updated on 21/11/2022 06:06:33. Monographs are reviewed and/or updated multiple times per month and at least once per year.
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Natural Medicines rates safety based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Likely Safe, Possibly Safe, Possibly Unsafe, Likely Unsafe, Unsafe, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate. For more information about Natural Medicines’ Safety Rating System, click here.
The Natural Medicines Effectiveness Ratings are assigned for specific indications. A product might be rated "Possibly Effective" for one condition, but be rated "Likely Ineffective" for another condition, depending on the evidence. For more info click here.
