![<img src='https://images.vital.ly/monographs/tr:w-800,c-at_max,dpr-2,q-100/CHOLINE_vital_ly.png' /> Choline](https://images.vital.ly/monographs/tr:w-800,c-at_max,dpr-2,q-100/CHOLINE_vital_ly.png)
Choline
Scientific names: Trimethylethanolamine, (beta-hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide
Alternate names: Bitartre de Choline, Chlorure de Choline, Choline Bitartrate, Choline Chloride, Choline Citrate, Citrate de Choline, Colina, Facteur Lipotropique, Hydroxyde de Triméthylammonium (bêta-hydroxyéthyl), Intrachol, L-Choline, Lipotropic Factor, Methylated Phosphatidylethanolamine, Triméthyléthanolamine
Actions: Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Athletic performance-enhancing, Cardiovascular, Cognitive, Memory enhancing, Neurologic/CNS, Hepatoprotective
Background
Choline is a nutrient similar to B vitamins. It can be made in the liver. It is also found in foods such as meats, fish, nuts, beans, vegetables, and eggs.
Choline is used in many chemical reactions in the body. It's important in the nervous system and for the development of normal brain functioning. Choline might also help decrease swelling and inflammation related to asthma.
People commonly use choline for memory, mental function, preventing certain birth defects, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses.
Choline is used in many chemical reactions in the body. It's important in the nervous system and for the development of normal brain functioning. Choline might also help decrease swelling and inflammation related to asthma.
People commonly use choline for memory, mental function, preventing certain birth defects, and many other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support many of these uses.
Safety Safety definitions
When taken by mouth: Choline is likely safe for most people when taken in doses below 3.5 grams daily. Taking high doses of choline is possibly unsafe. Taking doses over 3.5 grams daily might cause side effects such as sweating, a fishy body odor, diarrhea, and vomiting.
Children: Choline is likely safe for most children when taken by mouth in appropriate amounts. Doses up to 1 gram daily for children 1-8 years of age, 2 grams daily for children 9-13 years, and 3 grams daily for children 14-18 years, are not likely to cause unwanted side effects. Taking higher doses of choline by mouth is possibly unsafe due to the increased risk of side effects.
Loss of bladder control: Taking choline in doses of 9 grams daily or more might worsen this condition.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Choline is likely safe when used during pregnancy and breast-feeding in doses up to 3 grams daily for those up to 18 years of age, and 3.5 grams daily for those 19 years and older. There isn't enough reliable information to know if choline is safe to use in higher doses when pregnant or breast-feeding. It's best to stick to recommended doses.Children: Choline is likely safe for most children when taken by mouth in appropriate amounts. Doses up to 1 gram daily for children 1-8 years of age, 2 grams daily for children 9-13 years, and 3 grams daily for children 14-18 years, are not likely to cause unwanted side effects. Taking higher doses of choline by mouth is possibly unsafe due to the increased risk of side effects.
Loss of bladder control: Taking choline in doses of 9 grams daily or more might worsen this condition.
Effectiveness
NatMed Pro rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
Possibly ineffective Effectiveness definitions
- Athletic performance. Taking choline by mouth does not seem to improve athletic performance or decrease tiredness during exercise.
Dosing & administration
Choline is an essential nutrient. It's found in foods such as meats, fish, nuts, beans, vegetables, and eggs. It's recommended that adult females consume 425 mg daily, and adult males consume 550 mg daily to maintain adequate nutrition. When pregnant, 450 mg should be consumed daily, and when breast-feeding, 550 mg should be consumed daily. Recommended amounts for children depend on age.
In supplements, choline has most often been used by adults in doses of 1-3 grams by mouth daily for up to 4 months. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.
In supplements, choline has most often been used by adults in doses of 1-3 grams by mouth daily for up to 4 months. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what dose might be best for a specific condition.
Interactions with pharmaceuticals
Atropine
Interaction Rating=Minor Be watchful with this combination.
Taking choline with atropine might decrease the effects of atropine.
Interactions with herbs & supplements
There are no known interactions with herbs and supplements.
Interactions with foods
There are no known interactions with foods.
Products
View all productsPer 8 g (Lemon):
- Choline bitartrate 625.7 mg equiv. choline 257.2 mg
- Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 601.1 mg equiv. calcium 140 mg
- Hydrolysed milk protein with Alpha-casozepine (Lactium) 75 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 2.1 g equiv. magnesium 244 mg
- Sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 4 mg equiv. sodium 1.3 mg
- Myo-inositol 1 g
- Glycine 250 mg
- d-alpha-Tocopheryl acid succinate 68 mg equiv. vitamin E 82.5 IU
Practitioner product
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 607.83 mg equiv. choline 250 mg
- Iron bisglycinate 120 mg equiv. iron 24 mg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 56.06 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 50.02 mg equiv. magnesium 3.47 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 325.5 µg equiv. folinic acid 300 µg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 50 µg
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Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 486.26 mg equiv. choline 200 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 14 μg
- Potassium iodide 177 μg equiv. iodine 135 μg
- Iron bisglycinate 44.40 mg equiv. iron 12 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 271 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 150 μg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 890 μg equiv. thiamine 700 μg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 9 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 3.28 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 3 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P) 1.57 mg equiv. pyridoxine 1 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 108.5 μg equiv. folinic acid 100 μg
- Biotin 17.5 μg
- Chromium picolinate 181 μg equiv. chromium 22.5 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 37.50 μg equiv. molybdenum 25 μg
- Selenomethionine 80.7 μg equiv. selenium 32.5 μg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 6 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 31.15 g equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 1.05 mg equiv. riboflavin 800 μg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 33.43 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 30 mg equiv. magnesium 2.07 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 2.5 mg equiv. manganese 500 μg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 1 mg
- Tagetes erecta ext. 20 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.50 μg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
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Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 486.26 mg equiv. choline 200 mg
- Biotin 150 μg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 12.5 μg equiv. vitamin D 500 IU
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 250 μg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 30 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 27.29 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 25 mg
- Chromium picolinate 201.1 μg equiv. chromium 25 μg
- Dunaliella salina cell powder (Green micro-algae) 30 mg equiv. beta-carotene 3 mg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 271 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 μg
- Manganese sulphate monohydrate 3.07 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 30 μg
- Molybdenum trioxide 375 μg equiv. molybdenum 25 μg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 20 mg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 45 μg
- Potassium iodide 176.6 μg equiv. iodine 135 μg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 31.35 mg equiv. pyridoxine 20 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 13.16 mg equiv. riboflavin 10 mg
- Selenomethionine 124.2 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 12.34 mg equiv. thiamine 10 mg
- Zinc glycinate 40.82 mg equiv. zinc 12.5 mg
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Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 425.48 mg equiv. choline 175 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 31.15 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 114.4 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 100 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 μg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Selenomethionine 75 μg equiv. selenium 30 μg
- Potassium iodide 176.6 μg equiv. iodine 135 μg
- Chromium picolinate 200 μg equiv. chromium 25 μg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 25 mg equiv. manganese 2.5 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 38 μg equiv. molybdenum 25 μg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 2.5 mg
- Thiamine nitrate (Vitamin B1) 18.5 mg equiv. thiamine 15 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 13.2 mg equiv. riboflavin 10 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 17.5 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 21.8 g equiv. pantothenic acid 20 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 7.84 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 10 μg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 30 μg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 1.5 mg
- Biotin 150 μg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 450 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 μg
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Per 6 g:
- Choline bitartrate 350 mg equiv. choline 144 mg
- Acetyl levocarnitine hydrochloride (Acetyl-L-carnitine) 250 mg
- Inositol 500 mg
- Pinus radiata ext. 50 mg
- Glycine 2 g
- Taurine 500 mg
- Calcium citrate 415 mg equiv. calcium 100 mg
- Potassium citrate 207 mg equiv. potassium 75 mg
- Magnesium citrate 842 mg equiv. magnesium 130 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 31 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 33 μg equiv. molybdenum 22.2 μg
- Selenomethionine 74.4 μg equiv. selenium 30 μg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 15.7 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 15 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 34.8 μg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 20 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 18.3 mg
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) 24.6 μg equiv. vitamin D 1000 IU
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 217 μg equiv. folinic acid 200 μg
- Retinol acetate (Vitamin A) 461 μg equiv. vitamin A 400 μgRE equiv. vitamin A 1335 IU
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.54 mg equiv. riboflavin 4.98 mg
- Lecithin 100 mg equiv. phosphatidylcholine 20 mg
- Punica granatum ext. 8.04 mg
- Vaccinium myrtillus ext. 2.5 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 12.7 mg equiv. thiamine 10 mg
Practitioner product
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
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Per tablet:
- Choline bitartrate 300 mg equiv. choline 125 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 40 mg equiv. pyridoxine 32.91 mg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 μg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 347 μg equiv. folinic acid 250 μg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 271 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 μg
- Selenomethionine 124 μg equiv. selenium 50 μg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 30 mg equiv. thiamine 26.8 mg
- Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 30 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 30 mg
- Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) 5 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 10 mg equiv. pyridoxine 6.38 mg
- Inositol 40 mg
- Biotin 400 μg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 50 mg
- Cholecalciferol 25 μg equiv. vitamin D3 1000 IU
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 100 μg
- Borax 2.2 mg equiv. boron 249 μg
- Chromium nicotinate 416 μg equiv. chromium 50 μg
- Calcium citrate tetrahydrate 237 mg equiv. calcium 50 mg
- Iron amino acid chelate 37.5 mg equiv. iron 7.5 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 100 mg equiv. magnesium 20 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 10 mg equiv. manganese 2 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 75 μg equiv. molybdenum 50 μg
- Potassium iodide (Iodine) 353 μg equiv. iodine 270 μg equiv. potassium 83 μg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 75 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 30 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 27.48 mg equiv. calcium 2.52 mg
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 291.76 mg equiv. choline 120 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 451 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 µg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 250 µg
- Potassium iodide 177 µg equiv. iodine 135 µg
- Iron bisglycinate 44.40 mg equiv. iron 12 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 19.06 mg equiv. thiamine 15 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.58 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 27.29 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 25 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 7.84 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5 mg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Biotin 200 µg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 47.36 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 42.50 mg equiv. magnesium 2.93 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.50 µg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Chromium picolinate 201.10 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 125 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 10 mg equiv. manganese 1 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 37.50 µg equiv. molybdenum 25 µg
- Selenomethionine 80.7 µg equiv. selenium 32.5 µg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 37.38 mg equiv. zinc 12 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 50 mg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 7 mg
- Beta-carotene (Carotenoids) 1 mg
- Tagetes erecta ext. 20 mg
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Per 8.3 g (Berry & Ginger):
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 243.13 mg equiv. choline 100 mg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 77.77 mg equiv. zinc 25 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 50 mg
- Retinol acetate 414 µg equiv. vitamin A 351 µg RE
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 19.06 mg equiv. thiamine 15 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 6.58 mg equiv. riboflavin 5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 54.59 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 7.84 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5 mg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 271 µg equiv. folinic acid 250 µg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 µg
- Biotin 100 µg
- Magnesium ascorbate monohydrate (Vitamin C) 112.08 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 100 mg equiv. magnesium 6.94 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Chromium picolinate 201 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Potassium iodide (Iodine) 130.80 µg equiv. iodine 100 µg equiv. potassium 30.8 µg
- Selenomethionine 186 µg equiv. selenium 75 µg
- Lycopersicon esculentum ext. 15 mg
- Silica - colloidal anhydrous 5 mg
- Magnesium amino acid chelate 125 mg equiv. magnesium 25 mg
- Palm tocotrienols complex (Vitamin E) 16.67 mg equiv. vitamin E 5 mg
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Per tablet:
- Choline bitartrate 243.1 mg equiv. choline 100 mg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 μg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 250 μg
- Zinc amino acid chelate 25 mg equiv. zinc 5 mg
- Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 75.5 mg
- Zeaxanthin (Carotenoids) 600 μg
- Levomefolate calcium (Activated folate) 309.6 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 250 μg
- Potassium iodide (Iodine) 183.1 μg equiv. iodine 140 μg equiv. potassium 43 μg
- Phytomenadione (Vitamin K1) 25 μg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 25 μg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 10 mg equiv. riboflavin 7.3 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 7.84 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 6.08 mg equiv. pyridoxine 5 mg
- Selenomethionine 93.1 μg equiv. selenium 37.5 μg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 12.5 mg equiv. thiamine 11.15 mg
- Iron (II) glycinate 43.83 mg equiv. iron 12 mg
- Biotin 150 μg
- Inositol 25 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 10 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 7.5 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 6.9 mg equiv. calcium 0.63 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 208.3 μg equiv. chromium 25 μg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 12.5 mg equiv. manganese 1.25 mg
- Molybdenum trioxide 37.47 μg equiv. molybdenum 25 μg
- Lutein 3 mg
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 200 mg equiv. choline 82.26 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 78.37 mg equiv. pyridoxine 50 mg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 250 µg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 109.17 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 100 mg equiv. calcium 9.16 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 112.15 mg equiv. thiamine 100 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 68.49 mg equiv. riboflavin 50 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 50 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 901.7 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 500 µg
- Biotin 2 mg
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
- Choline bitartrate 168 mg equiv. choline 69 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 89 µg equiv. levomefolic acid 50 µg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 250 µg
- Potassium iodide 195.6 µg equiv. iodine 149.5 µg
- Iron bisglycinate 60 mg equiv. iron 12 mg
- Lutein 1 mg
- Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (Vitamin C) 60.5 mg equiv. ascorbic acid 50 mg
- Beta-carotene carotenoids (Vitamin A) 3 mg
- Menaquinone 7 (Vitamin K2) 15 µg
- Cholecalciferol 12.5 µg equiv. vitamin D3 500 IU
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 12.5 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 12.5 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 15 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 12.5 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 12.5 mg equiv. pyridoxine 7.98 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 12.5 mg equiv. pyridoxine 10.3 mg
- Folic acid 200 µg
- Biotin 35 µg
- Manganese amino acid chelate 8 mg equiv. manganese 1.3 mg
- Chromium nicotinate 250 µg equiv. chromium 25 µg
- Molybdenum trioxide 37.5 µg equiv. molybdenum 25 µg
- Selenomethionine 62.5 µg equiv. selenium 25 µg
- Zinc bisglycinate (Zinc amino acid chelate) 50 mg equiv. zinc 10 mg
Practitioner product
Per tablet:
- Choline bitartrate 167 mg equiv. choline 69 mg
- Bupleurum falcatum ext. 150 mg
- Berberis vulgaris ext. 100 mg
- Taraxacum officinale ext. 100 mg
- Inositol 100 mg
- Taurine 100 mg
- L-methionine 100 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 25 mg equiv. pyridoxine 20.57 mg
- Folic acid 200 μg
- Co-methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 200 μg
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 121.67 mg equiv. choline 50 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 95.32 mg equiv. thiamine 75 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 26.32 mg equiv. riboflavin 20 mg
- Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) 18.23 mg equiv. pyridoxine 15 mg
- Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 µg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 109.17 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 100 mg
- Biotin 400 µg
- Calcium folinate (Activated folate) 542 µg equiv. folinic acid 500 µg
Practitioner product
Per capsule:
- Choline bitartrate 121.57 mg equiv. choline 50 mg
- Biotin 2 mg
- L-serine 50 mg
- Ubidecarenone (Coenzyme Q10) 30 mg
- Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 127.1 mg equiv. thiamine 100 mg
- Riboflavin 5-phosphate sodium (Activated B2) 39.47 mg equiv. riboflavin 30 mg
- Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 50 mg
- Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 54.59 mg equiv. pantothenic acid 50 mg
- Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate (P5P) 47.02 mg equiv. pyridoxine 30 mg
- Mecobalamin (Vitamin B12) 500 μg
- Zinc citrate dihydrate 46.73 mg equiv. zinc 15 mg
- Levomefolate glucosamine (Activated folate) 901.7 μg equiv. levomefolic acid 500 μg
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This monograph was last reviewed on 12/04/2024 10:00:00 and last updated on 17/10/2022 07:24:51. Monographs are reviewed and/or updated multiple times per month and at least once per year.
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